Lesson: Transportation of Goods and Consumption
9 artifacts in this set
Conestoga Wagon, circa 1840
Conestoga wagon
Conestoga wagons first appeared in Pennsylvania's Conestoga River valley about 1750. Designed for freight, the Conestoga's curved body tended to keep the load in the center, rather than shifting it toward the rear. The Conestoga's popularity peaked in the first half of the 19th century -- before railroads replaced it for hauling agricultural products and manufactured goods.
"View of the Junction of the Northern and Western Canals," 1825
Print (Visual work)
Canals opened new lands to settlement and commerce in the first half of the 19th century. New York's Erie Canal, completed in 1825, connected Albany with Buffalo. It also joined with other canals to make more areas of the state accessible. This print shows the junction of the "Northern" (Champlain) and the "Western" (Erie) canals.
Wood Engraving, "View of the Public Landing at Louisville, Kentucky," 1850-1855
Print (Visual work)
By the 1850s, Louisville, Kentucky, was the nation's tenth largest city and the largest Ohio River port between Pittsburgh and St. Louis. Manually operated flatboats and steam-powered riverboats carried freight and passengers up and down the river. Louisville was also the largest slave trading center in the country, with between 2,500 and 4,000 enslaved people passing through each year.
Horse Drawn Dray, circa 1890
Dray
Simple two-wheeled drays like this were the most common means of moving goods between docks, railroad stations, and businesses in pre-automotive American cities. This dray was made by Studebaker of South Bend, Indiana, once the nation's largest maker of horse-drawn vehicles. Studebaker entered the automobile business in 1902 and became a major builder before ending motor vehicle production in 1966.
1974 Ford C-700 Truck, Used by Roadway Express
Truck
Roadway Express, Inc. operated this Ford C-series truck in Lexington, Kentucky. The truck's functionality proved useful to the company's local pickup and delivery service. Designated unit 23704, it was a workhorse for the company for sixteen years, before being retired to The Henry Ford.
Steam Locomotive "Sam Hill," 1858
Steam locomotive
This 1858 Rogers steam locomotive is typical of those used in the United States in the second half of the 19th century. Its flexible wheel arrangement, high power output, and light weight were well suited to the tight curves, steep grades, and hastily constructed track that characterized American railroads. This locomotive struck an agreeable balance between practicality, safety, and economy.
1924 Railroad Refrigerator Car, Used by Fruit Growers Express
Refrigerator car
Modern refrigerated rail cars have mechanical cooling units, but well into the 20th century, ice cooled refrigerator cars like this one. Since 45-55 pounds of ice melted each hour, icing stations had to be located at regular intervals along the route, and adherence to strict schedules was necessary to prevent spoilage. The ability to ship meats and produce in refrigerator cars, far from their points of origin, greatly expanded both farmers'...
Crane Unloading Cargo from Railroad Cars into a Mack Model AC Dump Truck. 1927
Photographic print
Mack AC trucks were introduced in 1916 and were continuously manufactured through 1939. During that time span, AC trucks earned a sterling reputation for their reliability and durability. Aside from the civilian tasks that these trucks accomplished, the Mack AC gained international fame for its military service in World War I -- along with the nickname "Bulldog," coined by British engineers.
"Highways of the Sky," Advertisement Promoting Commercial Air Travel on Ford Tri-Motor Airplanes, 1928
Advertisement
As the United States expanded in the twentieth century, air travel became an efficient alternative for the transportation of goods, services, and people. This advertisement compares the early days of commercial aviation to the early days of transcontinental rail travel, and predicts that air travel will become hugely popular -- especially on the Ford Tri-Motor airplane.
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